Subjective case
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Objective Case
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Possessive Adjective Case
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Possessive Pronoun Case
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Reflexive / Intensive Case
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FIRST PERSON
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I (s)
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Me
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My
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Mine
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Myself
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Us
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Our
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Ours
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Ourselves
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SECOND PERSON
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You (s & p)
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You
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Your
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Yours
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Yourself /
Yourselves
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THIRD PERSON
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He (s)
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Him
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His
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His
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Himself
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She (s)
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Her
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Her
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Hers
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Herself
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It (s)
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It
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It
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Its
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Itself
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They (p)
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Them
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Their
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Theirs
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themselves
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(s) ↷ singular
(p) ↷
plural
SUBJECTIVE CASE
Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject. In the third person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid repetition of the subject's name. EXAMPLES
· I am 16.
· You look dirty.
· John is angry, and he wants his wife to apologize.
· This car is broken. It needs to be repaired.
· They are not going.
· I am 16.
· You look dirty.
· John is angry, and he wants his wife to apologize.
· This car is broken. It needs to be repaired.
· They are not going.
OBJECTIVE CASE
EXAMPLES
· Give it to me.
· Uncle Aslam wants to meet you.
· John is hurt because Bill hit him.
· Tell them to hurry up!
· Give it to me.
· Uncle Aslam wants to meet you.
· John is hurt because Bill hit him.
· Tell them to hurry up!
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES CASE
Possessive adjectives are not pronouns. They function as adjectives, so they appear before a noun. They do not replace a noun as pronouns do. EXAMPLES
· Did father find my laptop?
· My teacher wants to see your homework.
· The dog broke its leg.
· Where is your new school?
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS CASE
Possessive pronouns replace possessive nouns as either the subject or the object. EXAMPLES
· Whose bag is this? - This bag is mine.
· That bag looks like hers.
· That car is ours.
· Whose bag is this? - This bag is mine.
· That bag looks like hers.
· That car is ours.
REFLEXIVE CASE
Simple Definition
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.
Formal Definition
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.
Formal Definition
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause because the subject of the action is also the direct or indirect object. Only certain types of verbs can be reflexive. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.
EXAMPLES
· He told himself to calm down.
(It will be senseless if you remove the word himself in the sentence “He told to calm down.”)
· She hurt herself on the roof.
· The dog threw itself under our new sofa!
· The children can take care of themselves.
EXAMPLES
· You made these cookies yourself.
· The President himself invited us.
· The Principal herself pardoned the teacher.
· My teacher didn't know the answer herself.
EXAMPLES
· He told himself to calm down.
(It will be senseless if you remove the word himself in the sentence “He told to calm down.”)
· She hurt herself on the roof.
· The dog threw itself under our new sofa!
· The children can take care of themselves.
INTENSIVE PRONOUNS / INTENSIVE CASE
Intensive pronouns emphasize (زور دینا) the subject. They are not the object of the action. The intensive pronoun can always be removed although the emphasis on the subject will be removed. EXAMPLES
· You made these cookies yourself.
· The President himself invited us.
· The Principal herself pardoned the teacher.
· My teacher didn't know the answer herself.